MySQL is an open-source relational database management system. It is one of the popular relational management systems.
Mysql is commonly installed as part of the popular LAMP or LEMP (Linux, Apache/Nginx, MySQL/MariaDB, PHP/Python/Perl) stack. It implements the relational model and Structured Query Language (SQL) to manage and query data.
In this guide we are going to install mysql 8 on Centos 8. This guide also works on other RHEL 8 derivatives like Rocky Linux 8 and Alma Linux 8
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Prerequisites
To follow along, ensure you have the following:
- An Updated Centos 8 server
- Root Access to the server or User with sudo access
- Internet access from the server
Ensure your system is updated
Before proceeding, please ensure your system is up to date using this command:
Installling mysql server
Lets search which packages provide mysql-server using this command:
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| $ sudo dnf search mysql-server
Last metadata expiration check: 1:03:33 ago on Tue 17 Aug 2021 11:20:55 AM UTC.
==================================================== Name Exactly Matched: mysql-server ====================================================
mysql-server.x86_64 : The MySQL server and related files
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Lets check the informattion of the package we found above using this command:
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| $ sudo dnf info mysql-server
Last metadata expiration check: 1:04:00 ago on Tue 17 Aug 2021 11:20:55 AM UTC.
Installed Packages
Name : mysql-server
Version : 8.0.21
Release : 1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36
Architecture : x86_64
Size : 108 M
Source : mysql-8.0.21-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36.src.rpm
Repository : @System
From repo : appstream
Summary : The MySQL server and related files
URL : http://www.mysql.com
License : GPLv2 with exceptions and LGPLv2 and BSD
Description : MySQL is a multi-user, multi-threaded SQL database server. MySQL is a
: client/server implementation consisting of a server daemon (mysqld)
: and many different client programs and libraries. This package contains
: the MySQL server and some accompanying files and directories.
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Now lets Install the mysql-server package:
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| sudo dnf install -y mysql-server
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Output:
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| $ sudo dnf install -y mysql-server
Last metadata expiration check: 0:44:57 ago on Tue 17 Aug 2021 11:20:55 AM UTC.
Dependencies resolved.
======================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
======================================================================================================
Installing:
mysql-server x86_64 8.0.21-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36 appstream 22 M
Installing dependencies:
libaio x86_64 0.3.112-1.el8 baseos 33 k
mariadb-connector-c-config noarch 3.1.11-2.el8_3 appstream 15 k
mecab x86_64 0.996-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36.9 appstream 393 k
mysql x86_64 8.0.21-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36 appstream 12 M
mysql-common x86_64 8.0.21-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36 appstream 148 k
mysql-errmsg x86_64 8.0.21-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36 appstream 581 k
perl-Carp noarch 1.42-396.el8 baseos 30 k
perl-Data-Dumper x86_64 2.167-399.el8 baseos 58 k
perl-Digest noarch 1.17-395.el8 appstream 27 k
perl-Digest-MD5 x86_64 2.55-396.el8 appstream 37 k
perl-Encode x86_64 4:2.97-3.el8 baseos 1.5 M
perl-Errno x86_64 1.28-419.el8_4.1 baseos 76 k
perl-Exporter noarch 5.72-396.el8 baseos 34 k
perl-File-Path noarch 2.15-2.el8 baseos 38 k
perl-File-Temp noarch 0.230.600-1.el8 baseos 63 k
perl-Getopt-Long noarch 1:2.50-4.el8 baseos 63 k
perl-HTTP-Tiny noarch 0.074-1.el8 baseos 58 k
perl-IO x86_64 1.38-419.el8_4.1 baseos 142 k
perl-MIME-Base64 x86_64 3.15-396.el8 baseos 31 k
perl-Net-SSLeay x86_64 1.88-1.module_el8.3.0+410+ff426aa3 appstream 379 k
perl-PathTools x86_64 3.74-1.el8 baseos 90 k
perl-Pod-Escapes noarch 1:1.07-395.el8 baseos 20 k
perl-Pod-Perldoc noarch 3.28-396.el8 baseos 86 k
perl-Pod-Simple noarch 1:3.35-395.el8 baseos 213 k
perl-Pod-Usage noarch 4:1.69-395.el8 baseos 34 k
perl-Scalar-List-Utils x86_64 3:1.49-2.el8 baseos 68 k
perl-Socket x86_64 4:2.027-3.el8 baseos 59 k
perl-Storable x86_64 1:3.11-3.el8 baseos 98 k
perl-Term-ANSIColor noarch 4.06-396.el8 baseos 46 k
perl-Term-Cap noarch 1.17-395.el8 baseos 23 k
perl-Text-ParseWords noarch 3.30-395.el8 baseos 18 k
perl-Text-Tabs+Wrap noarch 2013.0523-395.el8 baseos 24 k
perl-Time-Local noarch 1:1.280-1.el8 baseos 34 k
perl-URI noarch 1.73-3.el8 appstream 116 k
perl-Unicode-Normalize x86_64 1.25-396.el8 baseos 82 k
perl-constant noarch 1.33-396.el8 baseos 25 k
perl-interpreter x86_64 4:5.26.3-419.el8_4.1 baseos 6.3 M
perl-libnet noarch 3.11-3.el8 appstream 121 k
perl-libs x86_64 4:5.26.3-419.el8_4.1 baseos 1.6 M
perl-macros x86_64 4:5.26.3-419.el8_4.1 baseos 72 k
perl-parent noarch 1:0.237-1.el8 baseos 20 k
perl-podlators noarch 4.11-1.el8 baseos 118 k
perl-threads x86_64 1:2.21-2.el8 baseos 61 k
perl-threads-shared x86_64 1.58-2.el8 baseos 48 k
protobuf-lite x86_64 3.5.0-13.el8 appstream 149 k
Installing weak dependencies:
perl-IO-Socket-IP noarch 0.39-5.el8 appstream 47 k
perl-IO-Socket-SSL noarch 2.066-4.module_el8.3.0+410+ff426aa3 appstream 298 k
perl-Mozilla-CA noarch 20160104-7.module_el8.3.0+416+dee7bcef appstream 15 k
Enabling module streams:
mysql 8.0
perl 5.26
perl-IO-Socket-SSL 2.066
perl-libwww-perl 6.34
Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================
Install 49 Packages
Total download size: 48 M
Installed size: 218 M
Downloading Packages:
...
Complete!
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The above command and output will install mysql-server on our Centos 8 Instance.
Starting and enabling mysql service
Once installed. the service will not be enabled or started by default.
We can check the status with this command:
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| sudo systemctl status mysqld
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Lets start the service:
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| sudo systemctl start mysqld
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Output:
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| $ sudo systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL 8.0 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-08-17 12:11:09 UTC; 35s ago
Process: 70489 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mysql-check-upgrade (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 70363 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-prepare-db-dir mysqld.service (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 70338 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-check-socket (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 70445 (mysqld)
Status: "Server is operational"
Tasks: 39 (limit: 23800)
Memory: 427.0M
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─70445 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr
Aug 17 12:10:58 db-server.citizix.com systemd[1]: Starting MySQL 8.0 database server...
Aug 17 12:10:58 db-server.citizix.com mysql-prepare-db-dir[70363]: Initializing MySQL database
Aug 17 12:11:09 db-server.citizix.com systemd[1]: Started MySQL 8.0 database server.
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Enable the service so it always starts when the server is rebooted using this command:
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| sudo systemctl enable mysqld
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To view the MySQL 8 service log as follows using the journalctl command:
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| sudo journalctl -u mysqld -xe
sudo tail -f /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
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Securing MySQL
MySQL includes a security script that allows you to change some default configuration options in order to improve MySQL’s security.
To use the security script, run the following command:
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| sudo mysql_secure_installation
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This will take you through a series of prompts asking if you want to make certain changes to your MySQL installation’s security options. These options include:
- setting up root user password
- enabling the
VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT that ensures strong passwords are used - Removing anonymous users
- Disabling root to login remotely
- Removing test databases
Here is a sample output from my server:
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| $ sudo mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Connecting to MySQL using a blank password.
VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component?
Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: y
There are three levels of password validation policy:
LOW Length >= 8
MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file
Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 2
Please set the password for root here.
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Estimated strength of the password: 100
Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
- Dropping test database...
Success.
- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
All done!
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Testing MySQL Installation
Let us check mysql version with this command:
Now you can Login as the root user and the password specified above.
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| $ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.21 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.21 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
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Conclusion
We have managed to install mysql in this guide.